Explain how a bottleneck event can enrich recessive traits in the genetics of a population.
Answer
A bottleneck event severely reduces the fraction of a species able to pass on their genes to offspring. Any once rare recessive traits present in the surviving breeding population are passed to a larger fraction of the total population of offspring, thereby enriching those recessive traits in the total gene pool .
Bottleneck events can limit variation if the dominant allele population gets wiped out for any reason and the recessive allele can appear to be in the majority however this does not shows the actual makeup of the population.
What is bottle neck effect?The bottleneck effect is defined as a reduction and subsequent increase in a population's size affects the distribution of genetic variation among its individuals.
Examples of bottle neck effect is when the northern elephant seals have reduced genetic variation likely because of a population bottleneck humans imposed on them in the 1890s. Hunting reduced their population size to as few as 20 individuals at the end of the 19th century.
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what is the waterfalls
Answer:
waterfall is a falling of a river or other body of water over a steep Rocky ledge. Shows interruption in water flow
In electron transport chain , How many ATPs are generated from NADP and FADP?
Explanation:
NADP = 3 ATP
FADP = 2 ATP
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Which interaction involves only one of Earth’s spheres?
Plant roots take in water from the soil.
Plants take in carbon dioxide from the air.
During photosynthesis, plants make food and release oxygen into the air.
Energy stored in plants is transferred to humans and animals that eat them.Which property of soil depends on the size of particles?
color
odor
temperature
texture
Answer:
Energy stored in plants is transferred to humans and animals that eat them
Explanation:
. A good friend of yours has informed you of his desire to purchase a plot of land for sugarcane and rice farming. When you decided to dig a soil pedon to know more about the land, you found out that the epipedon is highly eluviated, while the subsurface layers feature oxic soil. What does this tell you about the soil, and what advise will you give your friend?
I will not recommend this type of soil for farming.
The epipedon is highly eluviated tells us that the nutrients present in the soil is leached out or washed away because of more rainfall in that region. The soil is oxic in which Fe and Al oxide minerals are present in large amount that caused iron or aluminium toxicity in the plant body so I will give the advise to my friend that not to purchase this plot for the farming of sugarcane and rice and purchase another piece of land which is rich in minerals and organic matter.
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which specialized senses, do not rely on hair-like appearing cell structures or cilia to transduce stimuli?
Answer: Touch.
Explanation:
Cilia are short, mobile prolongations which contain a central structure made up of microtubules and proteins, enveloped by the cytosol and the plasma membrane. They are involved in cell movement, transport of materials, displacement of fluids, among others. Cilia are important for many biological processes, such as the senses of taste, hearing, smell, sight and balance.
For example, each taste bud of the tongue is made up of a set of cells, among which are the taste cells that have cilia that come into contact with the substances dissolved in the mouth by saliva. As for the sense of hearing, when there is a sound, the endolymph in the cochlea moves and this stimulates the cilia of the internal sensitive cells, which communicate with the acoustic nerve that informs the brain of what the sound is like. In the sense of smell, the receptors are the olfactory cilia of the olfactory neurons, which are located in the mucosa of the upper portion of the nostril, above the level of the superior concha. In the sense of vision, cones and rods are the two types of photoreceptor cells that capture light energy and convert it into electrical signals. They are highly specialized cells and can be differentiated into several regions: an outer segment, an inner segment containing the nucleus and a synaptic terminal. The outer segments are modified cilia and consist of flattened membranous sacs or disks. As for the balance system, the vestibular system consists of the utricle and the saccule, which are chamber-shaped organs filled with endolymph. The maculae of the saccule are located in a vertical plane and effectively capture the accelerations of the upward and downward movements of the head, and therefore of the gravitational forces. The hair cells of the maculae are responsible for transforming the mechanical energy produced by movement into nerve signals. The activity of these cells is determined by their morphofunctional polarization or ciliary organization, which is different in the utricle and in the saccule.
Thus, the only sense that does not depend on cilia to transmit stimuli is touch. The skin contains nerve endings, as well as glands, blood vessels and hair follicles. These nerve endings detect pain, touch, pressure and temperature.
Which type of energy refers to the sum of potential and kinetic energies in the particles of a substance?
A. motion
B. stored
C. internal
D. heat
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Mechanical energy of a moving object the sum of its kinetic and potential energy
Whats bigger, fungi or virus?
Answer:
fungi
Explanation:
bcuz it is plant-like organism with lack of chlorophyll
Living in the northern hemisphere, you decide to plant tulip bulbs in the spring. You are disappointed in the summer when they do not bloom. You had forgotten that tulip bulbs need a period of vernalization in order for them to bloom. What change should you make?
a) Plant the tulip bulbs in soil that has an abundance of nutrients, especially phosphorus.
b) Make sure that the tulips are kept in shady areas as too much sun will not allow them to sprout
c) Be careful to give the tulips plenty of water while they are germinating, but reduce the amount as the plants grow.
d) Ensure the plants are established in a region that will receive long periods of dark as this is required for the tulips to bloom.
e) Plant the tulip bulbs in the fall as opposed to the spring.
Answer:
b) Make sure that the tulips are kept in shady areas as too much sun will not allow them to sprout
What is the responsibility of a scientist
Answer:
A scientist is in charge of societal concerns as well as the practical application of his innovation. He must abide by intellectual property rights so that his new innovation is open and honest. Ethics is the bedrock of any study.
OAmalOHopeO
is the citric acid cycle the same thing as fermentation
Answer:basically
Explanation:
What is chelpus mean?
Answer:
chelpus is a hacker that hack paid apps from market and make it usable for free
Do you think that organisms of the same order will share a stronger evolutionary relationship than organisms that share only the same phylum? Explain your reasoning using the results of your investigation.
Answer:
In taxonomic, the organism is classified based on some similarities. ... But the organism with the same order should have the same phylum and class too since order is located below the phylum. That means the organism with the same order should have more similarities than the organism with the same phylum.Taxonomical classifications are done for organisms including plants, animals, microorganisms etc. It classifies, defines and scientifically names organisms.
According to the taxonomical classification the organisms are classified based on similarities and in order of the taxonomy, the organism should have the same phylum and class.
In taxonomy, the phylum is above the order in level and the phylum will have fewer similarities compared to the organism in order or class.
The organism of the same order will have a strong evolutionary relationship as compared to the organism with the same phylum.
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How can algal blooms be
harmful to an aquatic
environment?
A. by blocking all sunlight and killing the bottom plants
causing no oxygen to go into the water
B. by putting oxygen up into the air for the
surrounding plants
C. by absorbing the phosphorus in the atmosphere and
having a symbiotic relationship with cyanobacteria
Answer:
(A) By blocking all sunlight and killing the bottom plants
causing no oxygen to go into the water
Sickle cell anemia, a recessive deadly blood cell disease, is much more common in tropical climates because carriers (heterozygotes) are resistant to a deadly parasitic disease carried by mosquitoes (malaria). Given this information which of the following scenarios is a possibility?
A. The widespread availability of any drug that protects a population from malaria will have the side effect of reducing deaths from sickle cell anemia over many generations.
B. Having malaria will begin to give immunity to sickle cell anemia as well.
C. Populations in areas where there are fewer mosquitoes will have more and more sickle cell anemia as time goes on.
D. Genetie drift will always be so strong in these populations that none of this selection will be impactful, even for extremely large populations.
E. Over many generations the mosquitses must develop sickle cell anemia too.
Answer:
B. Having malaria will begin to give immunity to sickle cell anemia as well.
Explanation:
Malaria is one of the common disease caused by mosquitoes. It is believed that sickle cell disease gets deadly when malaria happens to the person. Sickle cell disorder is the reduction in healthy red blood cells which can carry oxygen throughout the body.
Which graph represents selection that may lead to reduced variation in a population?
A graph has trait value on the horizontal axis and population of individuals on the vertical axis. The original population and population after selection have similar curves, but the original population peaks before the population after selection.
A graph has trait value on the horizontal axis and population of individuals on the vertical axis. The population after selection increases, decreases, increases, and then decreases again. The original population increases at the point that the original population drops.
A graph has trait value on the horizontal axis and population of individuals on the vertical axis. The original population peaks at the same time as the population after selection but the population after selection peaks higher and at a more rapid speed.
A graph has trait value on the horizontal axis and proportion of individuals on the vertical axis. The original population and population after selection have similar curves but the original population is slightly higher at all points.
Answer:
A graph has trait value on the horizontal axis and population of ... selection have similar curves, but the original population peaks
Answer: graph B
Explanation: :)
New world monkeys have:______.
a. None of the above
b. have short legs and no tails to help them balance on top of the branches where they walk
c. have prehensile tails to aid in their 3-D movement through the trees
d. have broad and flat bodies with the scapula on the back of the ribcage, allowing a greater range of motion in the shoulder and for them to hold their arms above their heads.
Answer:
d num have broad and flat bodies
Answer:
C. have prehensile tails to aid in their 3-D movement through the trees
Explanation:Monkeys need tails to balance themselves when walking and jumping from tree to tree
A postsynaptic neuron has three presynaptic inputs - from neurons X, Y and Z. When X, Y, and Z are stimulated simultaneously, the postsynaptic neuron reaches threshold and undergoes an action potential. What is this process called?
Answer:
Summation
Explanation:
Presynaptic neurons release chemical signals called neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft in order to trigger graded potentials in the postsynaptic neuron. Some neurotransmitters produce excitatory post-synaptic potentials, whereas other neurotransmitters generate inhibitory post-synaptic potentials. Summation refers to the process that determines whether an action potential is generated by the combined effects of excitatory and/or inhibitory signals. The summation can be temporal or spatial regarding the number of cells communicating with the neuron. Temporal summation occurs when a presynaptic terminal is stimulated repeatedly in rapid succession. On the other hand, spatial summation occurs when excitatory potentials fire from different presynaptic neurons.
Why did the White House experience water damage ?
1.
It is made of granite which is strong.
2. It is made of sandstone which is very porous and is easily penetrated by rainwater
3. It is made of non-porous sedimentary rock
The White House building is made of sandstone which is very porous as a result water is easily penetrated inside it which causes damage and make the walls of building weak.
The White House is made of gray-colored sandstone that is brought from quarry in Aquia, Virginia. The north and south porticos of white house building are constructed with red Seneca sandstone brought from Maryland. These sandstones are porous in which rainwater is easily penetrated in it that cause damage to the white house building so it is concluded that the building is made of porous sandstone.
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ANOVA is a technique that permits the comparison of the equality of means for multiple populations. Thus, 3 means could be compared and a determination of whether or not one of the means is significantly different from others can be made. This technique is extremely useful, but, as is always the case, the application requires a firm understanding of models assumptions. Consider the following scenario. A meticulously determined random sample of 200 observations is taken from a very large population. This data divides into 4 groups or factor levels, and a numerical measure for each observation is recorded. The population distribution of the measure appears to be slightly skewed positive. The 4 groups have the following number of observations 30, 100, 15 and 55. Which of the following statements leads to the greatest concern in using ANOVA as an analytical technique.
a. Unequal sample sizes among groups can seriously affect the power of the test.
b. Slightly skewed positive distribution of population measures seriously affect the power of the test.
c. In this scenario, I should be concerned about whether the data has been gathered in a biased fashion.
d. Four is not a sufficient number of groups into which to divide the data.
Answer:
c. In this scenario, I should be concerned about whether the data has been gathered in a biased fashion.
Explanation:
ANOVA is a statistical method which separates observed variance data into different components to use. One way ANOVA is used for three or more groups of data. The greatest concern in ANOVA is that the data gathered should not be biased.
i need help in biology questions please G10?
Answer:
ok where is it
we can help only if there is something attached
Which of the following does NOT relate to water?
A. Dehydration damages cells.
B. 70% of the human body.
C. Controls negative feedback mechanisms.
D. Contains and moves ions in and out of cells.
The following that does not relate to water is it contains and moves ions in and out of cells. The correct option is D.
What is water?Water is a chemical compound made up of hydrogen and oxygen. It is a necessary part of life. As our body is made up of 90% of water, and without water, organisms would not survive.
The transport of ions and molecules in and out of the cell is done by the cytoplasm filling in the cell.
Thus, the correct option is D. Contains and moves ions in and out of cells.
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Lymph ______ are found throughout the body and are a signal of a disease, infection, or problem if they become and remain swollen for long periods of time.
______ are pathogens that cannot be killed with antibiotics because they are non-living. They take over cellular organelles to replicate and spread.
Because they are also eukaryotes with their own cell membranes and membrane-bound organelles, ______ are often difficult to combat with medicines.
A cell signal called ______ is produced by mast cells. These molecules cause more fluid to spread to an infected area.
_______ are the types of cells that produce antibodies.
All pathogens have unique identifying molecules on their surfaces called ______. Antibodies bind to these, and targeting the pathogen to be destroyed by the immune system.
______ is a non-specific response to disease, in which the body temperature rises
Answer:
nodes
Viruses
fungi
histamine
B-cells
antigens
Fever
When a paper cut breaks the skin, it introduces outside microorganisms into the cut. The body recognizes the break in the skin. Mast cells produce histamines, which cause more blood and lymph fluid to flow to the wound. This increased flow brings phagocytic white blood cells to the area, which destroy invading organisms until the blood can clot and the skin can heal over the cut, preventing more organisms from entering the body. If a cut is too deep or too wide, special care such as stitches and antibiotics could be needed to prevent infection.
Explanation:
PENNFOSTER !
grafting requires both a scion and a rootstock. true or false
Answer: true
Explanation: the upper part (scion) of one plant grows on the root system (rootstock) of another plant. In the budding process, a bud is taken from one plant and grown on another.
GOLGI APPARATUS IS THE IMPORTANT SITE OF FORMATION OF____________& ______________
GOLGI APPARATUS IS THE IMPORTANT SITE OF FORMATION OF GLYCOPROTEINS & GLYCOLIPIDS.
Look at an ocean system below.
Phytoplankton
produce half of
the world's oxygen.
Shrimp feed on
plankton and also
need oxygen to live.
Salmon feed on
shrimp and need
oxygen to live.
People often eat
salmon. We also
need to breathe
oxygen to live.
What would most likely happen if the number of shrimp increased?
Answer:
The population of phytoplankton will decrease, hence, resulting in a drop in oxygen production.
Explanation:
This question shows the activities that take place in an ocean habitat. The question is a typical example of a food chain where organisms feed on one another in order to obtain energy.
According to the question, the feeding relationship among the organisms is as follows:
Phytoplankton → Shrimp → Salmon → Humans
Phytoplankton, in this question, is said to produce half of the oxygen used on Earth. Hence, if the population of shrimps increased, it means that the population of phytoplanktons would decrease because there would be more shrimps to feed on them. This decline in the plankton population will cause a reduction in the world oxygen production.
A conservation biologist is working to protect elephant seal populations. Elephant have a classic type I survivorship curve with very low levels of juvenile mortality and high survivorship rate. They insist that reducing threats to adults is more important than protective juveniles. Are they correct
Answer:
Elephants and Classic Type I Survivorship Curve
The conservation biologist is correct.
Explanation:
Classic type 1 survivorship curve means that mortality of elephants increases as they age, and their fecundity (or fertility) decreases as they age. Therefore, reducing the threats to adults should be more important than protecting the younger elephants. The younger elephants have higher rates of survival and fecundity than their older parents.
Sperm cells are not normally exposed to blood, but if they are, the immune system may produce ____________ against sperm cells' ____________ and render someone sterile.
Answer:
Sperm cells are not normally exposed to blood, but if they are, the immune system may produce __auto-antibodies__ against sperm cells' __auto-antigens_ and render someone sterile.
Explanation:
Auto-antibodies are antibodies that can destroy cells from the same organism. They are mistakenly directed against organs or tissues of the same organisms, causing auto-immune diseases or affections. The autoantibodies action occurs when the organism fails in recognizing its own cells and faces them as strange elements.
Auto-antigen is the molecule produces by the body that fails in being recognized due to a break up in the tolerance mechanisms, triggering an immune response.
In the exposed example, sperm cells do not usually mix with blood. So when they do, blood cells recognize them as strange bodies and act against them. Sterility might be an effect of this auto-immune response.
Which of the following statements about eutrophication is TRUE?
a) Eutrophic bodies of water are characterized by clear water that is relatively free of algae. •
b) Climate change is expected to worsen eutrophication because many phytoplankton grow better in warm water
c) Eutrophication is typically driven by natural processes like rock weathering and nitrogen fixation
d) Eutrophication can harm fish and other aquatic species but does not cause health problems for humans
Answer:
c) eutrophication is typically driven by natural processes like rock weathering and nitrogen fixation.eutrophication happens when too much nitrogen enriches the soil, causing excess growth of plants and algea.
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When nitrogen from fertilizers seeps into soil, it frequently fosters weed growth rather than the development of native plants. The excess of nutrients caused by nitrogen washing into streams is known as eutrophication. Thus, option C is correct.
What best define about eutrophication?A surplus of nutrients in water, primarily nitrogen and phosphorus, causes a process called eutrophication. By consuming the nutrients, algae flourish, proliferate, and tint the water green.
Algae blooms can have an unpleasant odor, restrict sunlight, and in some circumstances even produce toxins.
The process of eutrophication occurs when a body of water receives an excessive amount of nutrients, which increases the growth of algae and macrophytes. It causes water bodies' dissolved oxygen levels to drop and their water quality to deteriorate.
Therefore, Eutrophication is typically driven by natural processes like rock weathering and nitrogen fixation.
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explain how typical cells are adapted to their function
Answer:
Many cells are specialized. They have structure that are adapted to their function. For eg : muscle cells bring parts of the body together. They contain protein fibres that can contract when energy is available, making the cells shorter.
